Factors associated with anemia among pregnant women in Baijiantan District of Karamay, Xinjiang, 2021 − 2022

Objective To investigate the incidence of anemia among pregnant women in Baijiantan District (Karamay High Tech Zone), Karamay City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, so as to provide evidence for the management of anaemia prevention and control among pregnant women in the district.

Methods Data of this study were collected from the monitoring system of pregnant women, parturients and newborns in the cloud platform of maternal and infant health in Xinjiang. Pregnant women in Baijiantan District (Karamay High Tech Zone) who registered and gave birth from January 1^st, 2021 to December 31^st, 2022 were recruited as study subjects. Univariate analysis was used to compare the difference of incidence rate from the perspective of household registration, nationality, education background, age, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with the incidence of anemia during pregnancy.

Results A total of 651 pregnant women were reported, with 311 cases in 2021 and 340 cases in 2022 from Baijiantan District (Karamay High Tech Zone). The incidence of anemia among pregnant women in 2022 was significantly lower than that in 2021 (34.4% vs. 43.4%) . The incidence rate of anemia was higher among pregnant women with non local household registration (47.8%), primary school education and below (54.5%) , Kazakhs nationality (64.2%), multipara (42.4%) and pre-pregnancy BMI < 25 kg/m² (40.2%). There were significant differences in the incidence of anemia among pregnant women with different household registration, nationality, educational level and parity. Logistic regression analysis showed that minority nationality, pre-pregnancy BMI < 25 kg/m² and multipara were risk factors, while pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 25 kg/m² was the protective factor for anaemia during pregnancy.

Conclusion The incidence of anaemia among pregnant women in Baijiantan District (Karamay High Tech Zone) is still high. High-risk groups such as ethnic minorities and multipara should be paid more attention to. Early prevention, early diagnosis and early treatment strategy should be implemented, in order to reduce the incidence of anemia and its adverse effects to pregnant women, fetuses and the newborns.