Objective To analyze the weakness of neonatal resuscitation awareness among health professionals in China, so as to provide support for targeted training and improve training effects.

Methods Examination data were collected from the National Neonatal Resuscitation Training System from Jul 1^st, 2020 to Aug 25^th, 2022. The first time approval rate, total approval rate and accuracy rate of each question were analyzed and compared between medical staff of different specialties.

Results The first time approval rates of 8 courses were lower than 80% among 38 780 medical personnel, and that rates of endotracheal intubation, positive pressure ventilation, premature infant resuscitation, special circumstances and initial resuscitation were lower than 60%. The accuracy rates of 42 questions ranged from 44.48% to 78.75%, with 12 questions below 60%, which were mainly concentrated on the courses of positive pressure ventilation, basic knowledge of resuscitation, initial resuscitation, endotracheal intubation and medication use. Courses of chest compression and premature infant resuscitation were better. Comparison between different medical professionals showed that the doctors had a better awareness than nurses/midwives. The accuracy rates of doctors in 30 questions were higher than nurses/midwives, while the accuracy rates of 6 questions were lower than nurses/midwives (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion The first time approval rate of neonatal resuscitation course is low. There are obvious weak points and gaps between doctors and nurses/midwives. It is important to develop targeted training programs and improve neonatal resuscitation capabilities for health professionals, so as to ensure neonatal safety.