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海南省461例0 ~ 3岁儿童维生素A营养状况及其影响因素分析

Analysis of factors associated with vitamin A nutritional status among 461 children aged 0 – 3 years in Hainan Province

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 了解海南省0 ~ 3岁儿童血清维生素A营养状况，并探讨其影响因素，为应对维生素A缺乏问题提供科学依据。
    方法 采用分层随机抽样的方法，抽取海南省5个市县在乡镇卫生院进行健康体检的461例0 ~ 3岁儿童为研究对象，收集其人口学特征、喂养情况等信息，采用高效液相色谱法对其进行血清维生素A含量测定，分析比较不同特征儿童血清维生素A水平和维生素A缺乏情况的差异。
    结果 461例儿童中男276例、女185例，血清维生素A水平为（369.12 ± 134.81）ng/mL，边缘缺乏率为24.73%，缺乏率为9.33%。不同性别的儿童维生素A营养状况比较差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。各年龄段儿童血清维生素A水平差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05），0 ~ < 6月龄组边缘缺乏率（45.98%）和缺乏率（22.99%）最高，随月龄增加边缘缺乏率和缺乏率均降低（r = − 0.414，P < 0.05）。城市儿童血清维生素A水平高于农村儿童，边缘缺乏率和缺乏率低于农村儿童，差异均有统计学意义（均P < 0.05）。每天摄入水果、维生素A补充剂的儿童血清维生素A水平均高于摄入频率 ≤ 6次/周的儿童，边缘缺乏率和缺乏率均低于摄入频率 ≤ 6次/周的儿童，差异均有统计学意义（均P < 0.05）。分层回归分析显示，控制人口学特征变量后，摄入水果情况能解释维生素A营养状况2.10%的变异。
    结论 海南省0 ~ 3岁儿童维生素A缺乏状况属于轻度公共卫生问题，应提高3岁以下儿童维生素A缺乏情况的监测力度，及时通过添加维生素A补充剂、合理膳食等手段加以干预。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To investigate nutritional status of serum vitamin A among children aged 0 – 3 years in Hainan Province and factors associated with it, so as to provide scientific evidence to address vitamin A deficiency problem.
    Methods Stratified random sampling method was used to recruit 461 children aged 0 – 3 years who underwent health checkups at township health centers in 5 cities and counties in Hainan Province as study subjects. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to assess serum vitamin A levels, while information of the children’s demographic and feeding characteristics were collected. The serum vitamin A levels and vitamin A deficiency of children with different characteristics were analyzed and compared.
    Results There were 276 males and 185 females. The average serum vitamin A levels was (369.12 ± 134.81) ng/mL, with a marginal deficiency rate of 24.73% and a deficiency rate of 9.33%. There was no difference in the serum vitamin A levels between different gender (P > 0.05), while the differences between children of different age groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The highest marginal deficiency rate (45.98%) and the deficiency rate (22.99%) were in the 0 − < 6 months age group, and the marginal deficiency rate and the deficiency rate decreased with months (r = − 0.414, P < 0.05). Urban children had higher serum vitamin A levels and lower marginal deficiency and deficiency rates than those of rural children (P < 0.05). Children who had fruit and vitamin A supplements intake daily had higher serum vitamin A levels and lower marginal deficiency and deficiency rates than those whose intake frequency ≤ 6 times/week (P < 0.05). Stratified regression analysis showed that fruit intake interpreted 2.10% of the variation in vitamin A nutritional status after controlling for demographic variables.
    Conclusion Vitamin A deficiency among children aged 0 – 3 years in Hainan Province is a mild public health issue. Monitoring should be enhanced, and timely vitamin A supplements intake and balanced diet should be the main intervention strategies.

     

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