Abstract: Objective To understand the situation of children health service capabilities in county-level maternal and child health(MCH) institutions and provide scientific basis and policy advice for planning and rational allocation of children health resources and improving children health service capacity.Methods The multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to investigate the situation of children health service capabilities in county-level MCH institutions in 2012.Results The location of the institution,the number of child care clinics,the number and total area of houses used in the child care clinic,and the number of child health equipment,especially physical examination equipment,have an impact on the type of child health services provided by the institution. The number of houses used in child health clinics,the number of child health clinic personnel,the number of child health services and the types of psycho-behavioral development assessment tools have a positive impact on the number of child care outpatients set up by institutions.Urban and rural areas,location,the number of child care personnel per 10,000 children's institutions,the frequency of operational guidance to child care institutions and the number of medical examination-related equipment have an impact on the health care coverage of children under 7 years of age.Conclusions Reducing the differences between urban and rural and regional areas and increasing the number of child care personnel and child care equipment can improve the capacity of child health services.