Abstract: Objective To assess equity and inequity in obstetric resource allocation for the purpose of providing information on policy-making in women and children's health care.Methods Obstetrics resources related data of Guangdong province in all the institutions of midwifery were collected, and Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient were used to analyze and evaluate the equity of obstetric resources distribution according to delivery number, resident population and land area. Taking contribution coefficient as the basis of judging unfair factor, the spatial difference of distribution of unfair factor in the whole province was analyzed.Results According to the size of area, the Gini coefficient of midwifery institutions, maternal and infant health care technology assessment qualified personnel, obstetricians, nurses, and maternity beds were greater than 0.6, and only that of midwifery institutions was greater than 0.4, when assessed by the size of the population and the number ofd by the s. According to the size of area, the contribution coefficient of maternal and infant health care technology assessment qualified personnel, obstetricians, nurses, and maternity beds in Shenzhen and Dongguan, and that of midwifery institutions in Shenzhen, maternal and infant health care technology assessment qualified personnel and nurses in Shunde were least (less than 0.25). The contribution coefficient of maternal and infant health care technology assessment qualified personnel, obstetricians, nurses, and maternity beds in Meizhou, Heyuan, Shaoguan, Qingyuan and Zhaoqing, and that of midwifery institutions in Qingyuan, Heyuan, and obstetricians in Yunfu, maternal and infant health care technology assessment qualified personnel and nurses in Yangjiang were largest (more than 1.75).Conclusion When assessed by the size of population and the number of delivery, equity was observed in the number of maternal and infant health care technology assessment qualified personnel, obstetricians, nurses, and maternity beds, some inequity was noticed in the number of midwifery institutions.Inequity was present in all of the aspects when assessed by the size of area. The differences of obstetric resource distribution in Shenzhen, Dongguan, Shunde, Meizhou, Heyuan, Shaoguan, Qingyuan, Zhaoqing, Yunfu and Yangjiang, was the main causes of inequity when assessed by the size of area.