Abstract: Objective To investigate the influences of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on physical and intellectual development of the offspring and it's influencing factors in Fuzhou and to provide a basis for the study of health management for offspring of mother with GDM.Methods a total of 106 infants of gestational diabetes mothers (exposure group) and 106 infants of mothers without GDM (control group) were selected from 3 districts of Fuzhou by stratified cluster sampling, and their body mass index and intellectual development were investigated at 12 months old.Results The body weight and body mass index of the exposure group were higher than those of the control group at the age of 12 months old (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in body length and head circumference between the two groups (P>0.05). In the exposure group, the scores of fine movement, adaptation, language, social ability and total developmental quotient were lower than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the gross motor between the two groups (P >0.05). The factors influencing the intelligent development of infants in the exposure group include maternal education, premature birth, history of intracranial hemorrhage at birth and average monthly family income.Conclusion GDM will affect the physical and intellectual development of the offspring, and the health management system should be established to reduce the risk.