Abstract: Objective To understand the nutrition status and physical condition of preschool children in Xiamen, so as to provide reasonable suggestions for improving their health levels. Method With cluster sampling method, preschool children who performed physical examination in Xiamen Maternal and Child Health Hospital from April 1 th to July 1 th, in 2017 were selected.Results The rate of underweight, growth retardation and emaciation was 0.56%, 0.37%, and 1.36%, respectively, and below the national average level. The incidence of overweight and obesity was 9. 15% and 4. 94%, respectively, with higher incidence in boys than in girls. The difference was statistically significant. The obesity of preschool children is mainly mild and moderate. From the overall distribution, the highest incidence of mild, moderate and severe obesity was in the 6-year-old age group, which was 5.28%, 2.66% and 0.70%, respectively.Conclusion The overall status of physical growth among preschool children is satisfied. However, overnutrition is the main nutritional problem of preschool children, which needs to arouse the attention of the whole society.