Abstract: Objective To study the relationship between anxiety and depression and lactation of premature infants' mothers.Methods The maternal delivery from June 2016 to June 2018 in our hospital was studied, according to the principle of voluntary participation. a total of 84 pregnant women with preterm delivery were included according to the principle of voluntary participation.and they were divided into groups according to whether they had anxiety and depression symptoms or not, and the self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used to evaluate their level of anxiety and depression. The lactation volume of pregnant women during hospitalization was continuously monitored by investigation method. The lactation volume of pregnant women with anxiety and depression symptoms (study group) and without anxiety and depression symptoms (control group) were compared, and the factors of anxiety and depression were analyzed.Results Among the 84 women, 65 had anxiety and depression symptoms, including a combination of anxiety and depression, accounting for 77.38%, and 19 patients did not experience anxiety and depression, accounting for 22.62%. There was significant difference in daily milk yield between the study group and the control group (t=8.325, P<0.05). There was a certain correlation between the score of anxiety scale and the score of depression scale, and there was a negative correlation between the degree of anxiety and depression and the amount of lactation. The correlation coefficient were -0.977 and -0.972, P=0.000; neonatal survival status is the main factor affecting the level of anxiety and depression, accounting for 96.92%, followed by economic pressure, accounting for 87.69%. Poor medical service was the lowest factor affecting maternal anxiety and depression, accounting for 29.23%.Conclusion The higher the level of anxiety and depression, the lower volume of premature mothers' lactation.. The status of premature infants and economic pressure are important factors for the occurrence of anxiety and depression symptoms of pregnant women.