Abstract: Objective To understand the changes of mortality rate and the trends of causes of death among of children under 5 years old in Leiyang County from 2011 to 2017 and put forward effective intervention measures to reduce the mortality rate for the main causes of death.Methods The number of live births and death cards of children under 5 years old from 2011 to 2017 in Leiyang County were collected and statistical analyzed using Excel table and SPSS statistical software.Results The mortality rate of newborns, infants and children under 5 years old in Leiyang County from 2011 to 2017 was 3.12 ‰, 3.12 ‰, 9.25 ‰, respectively. The mortality rate of children under 5 years old decreased year by year (from 11.01 ‰ in 2011 to 6.73 ‰ in 2017). There was no statistical difference in mortality rates between male and female. Drowning, pneumonia, premature or low birth weight, congenital heart disease and accidental asphyxia were the leading causes of death among children under 5 years old.Conclusion The key measures to reduce the mortality rate of children under 5 years old in Leiyang County is to prevent the death from drowning, accidental asphyxia, congenital heart disease, premature birth or low birth weight.