Abstract: Objective To investigate the distribution of spherical lens and cylindrical lens in children under 3 years old,and to early detect children with refractive abnormality,so as to avoid and reduce the occurrence of visual impairment. Method A total of 1359 children under 3 years old were screened by Suresight hand-held automatic optometry in 6 age groups,and the results were statistically analyzed.Results The frequency distribution of spherical and cylindrical lens in each age group was obtained,mean,standard deviation,reference range and refractive state distribution,it was found that there was a significant difference in spherical lens value among different age groups.(F=23.948,P=0.000). The diopter decreased with the increase of age,decreased obviously before the age of 1 year old,and then tended to slow down. There were also significant differences in cylindrical lens values among different age group(F=94.393,P=0.000),with the increase of age,the diopter also showed a decreasing trend,which decreased obviously under 1 year old,and was in a relatively static state after 1 year old. a With the increase of age,the number of refractive abnormalities decreased gradually,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). the number of farsightedness and astigmatism decreased with age,but the number of myopia under 1 year old was relatively high.Conclusions According to the study of all ages the spherical lens,cylindrical lens mean and reference range,the child with spherical lens deviate from P₂₅-P₇₅(D) and cylindrical lens exceed P₇₅(D) were as a suspicious child,with spherical lens deviate from P₅-P₉₅(D) and cylindrical lens exceed P₉₅(D) were as abnormal child. It is necessary to follow up and check them for intervention. It suggests to advance the time of early intervention,to promote the normal development of visual system and reduce the occurrence of amblyopia.