Abstract: Objective To investigate the epidemiologic characteristics and risk factors for congenital hypothyroidism(CH) in Chaoyang District of Beijing,and to provide evidence for the prevention of CH.Methods The incidence trend of CH in Chaoyang District from 2004 to 2018 were analyzed.A total of 105 neonates with CH were selected as case group and 420 non-CH neonates as control group by 1:4 matched case-control study,univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of CH.Results In the past 15 years,the incidence of CH has been increasing,with an overall incidence of 53.13/100 000 and an annual average growth rate of 6.66%.Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that premature delivery,cesarean section,low birth weight and body length <50 cm were the risk factors to CH,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic analysis showed that cesarean section and preterm delivery were the high risk factors to CH(P<0.05),there was no significant difference of CH among newborns with different birth weights and body lengths.Conclusion The prevalence rate of CH shows upward trend in Chaoyang District of Beijing,cesarean section and premature were the risk factors affecting the incidence of CH.It is crucial to prevent preterm infants delivery which has the positive significance to improve the population quality.