Abstract: Objective To study the relationship between various influencing factors of premature delivery and language retardation,as well as the relationship between language retardation and the characteristics of intellectual development.Method A total of 300 premature infants who have established 0-3 year-old health records and received regular physical examination in our hospital's department of child care from 2015 to 2017 were selected as the object.The neuropsychological development scale of 6-yearold children was used to evaluate their development.Results There are significant differences in birth weight,gestational age,month age,language environment and caretaker between premature infants with language retardation and normal language development.(P<0.05).The lower birth weight,the smaller gestational age,the more number of language retardation.With the increase of age,the number of language retardation increased gradually,reached the peak in 24-30 months and decreased significantly in 36 months.The number of children with language retardation who were raised by their parents and hada good language environment was relatively small.The premature infants with underdeveloped language also had also backward social behavior.In each energy region of intelligence development,there was no significant difference in large and fine movements between the two groups(P>0.05).However,there were significant differences in adaptability,language and social interaction between the two groups(P<0.05).Conclusions It is necessary to pay attention to language development of premature infants.and to screen Language development in the critical period of language development.Early detection of related factors affecting language development of premature infants and other developmental problems and taking corresponding intervention measures is also necessary to improve the prognosis.