Abstract: Objective To investigate the influencing factors of infant's ametropia in Chuzhou City,and to provide a reference for targeted prevention and control measures for infant's ametropia. Method A total of 462 infants (924 eyes) aged 1-3 years old were selected in Chuzhou City during July to August in 2017. Questionnaire survey and refractive screening were performed. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between infant's ametropia and family environment status,the status of perinatal period,baby period,and infant's daily life.Results There were 343 infants without ametropia and 119 infants with ametropia. Compared with the infants without ametropia,the following proportions in the ametropia group were higher: the proportions of mothers with college degree or above (64. 7% vs 52. 8%),only fathers with astigmatism (3. 2% vs 7. 6%),only mothers with astigmatism (4. 4% vs10. 1%),infants with premature birth (8. 4% vs 1. 7%),infants with passive smoking (38. 7% vs 25. 1%),infants sleeping with the light on at night (21. 0% vs 11. 4%),infants frequent crying (24. 4% vs 15. 2%),favorite to watching bright lights (59. 7% vs48. 1%),and watching TV with the different height between eye and TV (46. 5% vs 31. 3%). However,the following proportions in the ametropia group was lower: the proportions of mothers with frequent eating fish during pregnancy (71. 4% vs 81. 6%),infants with oxygen inhalation after birth (2. 5% vs 7. 9%),infants with frequent eating carrots (89. 9% vs 95. 6% 2) green vegetables (95. 8% vs99. 4%),hard foods (87. 4% vs 95. 9%),houses with better daylighting (76. 5% vs 87. 5%) and infants with outdoor activities over half an hour (92. 4% vs 97. 4%). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the protective factors for the infant's ametropia were outdoor activities over half an hour (OR= 0. 277,95% CI= 0. 100-0. 770),and the risk factors were mother with college degree or above (OR= 1. 314,95% CI= 1. 029-1. 679),only fathers with astigmatism (OR= 3. 616,95% CI= 1. 317-9. 924),or only mother (OR= 3. 185,95% CI= 1. 366-7. 424),or both of parents (OR= 6. 856,95% CI= 1. 104-42. 570),infants with premature delivery (OR= 8. 863,95% CI= 2. 700-29. 096),infants watching TV with the different height between eye and TV (OR=1. 619,95% CI= 1. 009-2. 598),and infants favorite to watching bright lights (OR= 1. 619,95% CI= 1. 009-2. 598).Conclusion The infant's ametropia in Chuzhou City is mainly influenced by the education background of their mothers,vision status of their parents,birth condition,the habits of using eyes and outdoor activities.