Abstract: Cervical cancer currently ranks second in the incidence of malignant tumors in women. Women with developing cervical cancer in developing countries account for more than 80% of global cervical cancer patients, of which about 30% are in China. Cervical cancer is the number one killer of women's health after breast cancer. The occurrence and development of cervical cancer goes through a long process.. Cervical cancer is mostly due to the development of cervical lesions without early intervention. In recent years, many studies have confirmed that female vaginal microecology has a correlation with cervical lesions. Therefore, this article reviews the relationship between cervical lesions and female vaginal microecology from multiple perspectives, in order to provide a theoretical basis for early prevention and intervention of cervical lesions.