Abstract: Objective To understand the malnutrition status of children aged 0-3 in Anshun maternal and child health hospital, to explore the prevention and intervention measures of malnutrition, to create a good nutritional environment for children and to promote the growth and development of children. Method 2172 children aged 0-3 years in the child health care clinic from June 2019 to June2020 were sampled by stratified cluster sampling, the clinical data of 447 malnourished children were analyzed. Result In the groups of 0-5 months old, 6-11 months old, 12-23 months old, and 24-35 months old, the detection rate of malnutrition was 14. 13%,26. 05%, 21. 34% and 20. 88% respectively; the detection rate of low body weight was 4. 83%, 8. 24%, 6. 35%, 6. 22%respectively, and the detection rate of growth retardation was 8. 36%, 15. 52%, 13. 36%, 13. 05%; the rate of emaciation was0. 93%, 2. 30%, 1. 63%, 1. 61%; the detection rate of malnutrition in city was 16. 23%, and in rural was 26. 99%.Conclusion The detection rate of malnutrition in children of 6-11 months old was the highest, among which growth retardation was common, and the detection rate of malnutrition in rural children was higher than that in city. Measures as strengthening the management of the nutrition structure of children, the cultivation of dietary habits, the guidance of nutrition skills of parents, and scientific feeding health education should be taken to prevent the high-risk children suffering from malnutrition, and to ensure the health of children.