Abstract: Objective To investigate deaths among children under 5 without treatment or seeking medical care in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and to analyze their regional distribution,age distribution,and composition of death causes,etc. And to provide scientific evidence for developing intervention approaches to reduce under 5 child mortality. Methods According to ICD 10,descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze data of 1 629 cases of deaths among children under 5 without treatment or seeking medical care in inner Mongolia autonomous region from 2012 to 2018. Results The total number of deaths among children under 5 without treatment or seeking medical care showed a general downtrend year by year from 2012 to 2018. But the proportion of deaths without medical care in all deaths was increasing. The proportion of deaths being too late to reach hospital and other factors in all deaths without medical care was relatively high. Among deaths without medical care, the proportion of accident, congenital abnormalities,premature birth and low birth weight was relatively high. Conclusion (1)Regional health care development should be balanced developed.(2) Health education focusing on security should be conducted to improve parents' awareness,and measures should be taken to prevent children from accidental falls,drowning,and burning etc.(3) Perinatal care and neonatal care should be improved,and prenatal screening should be ensured to reduce the incidence of birth defects,premature birth and low birth weight.Parents' perception of security should be reinforced to prevent child accident in order to decrease deaths without medical care among children under 5.