摘要:
目的 本研究旨在探究浙江省助产机构医务人员预防艾滋病母婴传播知识、态度、行为和艾滋病歧视现状,为促进消除艾滋病母婴传播提供工作指导。方法 采用方便样本法选择浙江省助产机构医务人员纳入研究,采用“问卷星”电子问卷调查,调查内容包括人群特征、艾滋病母婴传播相关知识、艾滋病相关歧视现况。比较不同特征医务人员预防艾滋病母婴传播知识、歧视量表得分差异,采用多元回归分析医务人员歧视量表得分的影响因素。结果 共调查医务人员1 273人,平均年龄(38.6±8.8)岁,年龄范围21~64岁。知识回答全部正确210人,占16.5%,其中医生所占的比例高于护士(χ2=11.377,P=0.003)、高级职称人员高于其他类别(χ2=9.631,P=0.008)、初婚人群高于其他人群(χ2=6.949,P=0.008),差异均有统计学意义。医务人员艾滋病歧视量表总分(2.10±0.55)分,因子得分从高到低依次为担心传染和感染疾病(2.35±0.86)分,将艾滋病与耻辱、责怪和偏见联系在一起(2.22±0.67)分,社会歧视行为(2.17±0.69)分,个人歧视行为(2.02±0.60)分。多因素分析显示年龄<36岁、预防艾滋病母婴传播知识掌握度高、卫生技术人员分类为医生、其他婚姻状态的医务人员对艾滋病歧视程度较低。结论 医务人员预防艾滋病母婴传播相关知识掌握欠佳。担心传染和感染疾病是医务人员产生艾滋病歧视的主要因素。知识提升有利于降低艾滋病歧视。
关键词:
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医务人员
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艾滋病
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歧视
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母婴传播
Abstract:
ObjectiveThis study aims to explore knowledge, attitudes, behaviors of prevention of mother-to-child transmission(MTCT) of and discrimination against human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) among medical staff in order to promote elimination of MTCT.MethodsRelevant medical staffs were selected from midwifery institutions using convenient sampling method. “Questionnaire Star” a web-based electronic questionnaire were used to complete this survey. The content of the survey included socio-characteristics, knowledge about MTCT, and discrimination against HIV/AIDS. Differences of knowledge about MTCT, score of discrimination against HIV/AIDS scale were compared between various kinds of health professionals.Results1 273 health professionals were recruited. Their average age was 38. 6 ± 8. 8(21-64). 210 people answered all the questions correctly, accounting for 16. 5%. Among them, the percentage of doctor was higher than that of nurses(χ2= 11. 377,P= 0. 003);the percentage of health professionals with senior titles was higher than that of other staff(χ2= 9. 631,P= 0. 008); the percentage of medical staff who were first married was higher than that of people who were unmarried/divorced(χ2= 6. 949,P= 0. 008). The average scores of discrimination against HIV/AIDS Scale was 2. 10 ± 0. 55, 2. 35 ± 0. 86 for dimension 1(fear of infection) ranked first, followed by 2. 22 ± 0. 67 for dimension 2 (discrimination, blame and prejudice), 2. 17 ± 0. 69 for dimension 3 (social discrimination) and 2. 02 ± 0. 60 for dimension 4(personal discrimination). Multivariate analysis showed age, marriage, awareness and field of specialization were associated with scores of discrimination against HIV/AIDS Scale.ConclusionAwareness of preventing from MTCT of HIV/AIDS should be improved among medical staff. Worry about being infected is the main reason for discrimination.Increased awareness may help to reduce discrimination against HIV/AIDS.
百度学术
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