Abstract: ObjectiveTo explore the risk factors of preterm birth and provide theoretical evidence for intervention and policy making.MethodsPregnant women who gave birth and established maternal-child health records in the community health service centers at Yanqing District, Beijing were recruited from January 1^st, 2019 to December 31^th, 2019. Research subjects included 3 746 women and 3 806 live newborn. The content of this study mainly included maternal age, education background, body mass index, folic acid intake, the number of prenatal examination, history of pregnancy and birth, pregnancy complications, neonatal information, etc.χ² test was used for univariate analysis and non-conditional multivariate logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis.ResultsThere were 3 553 full-term live births and 253 preterm births, and the rate of preterm birth was 6. 65%. Univariate analysis showed that the maternal age, body mass index, folic acid intake during pregnancy, the number of prenatal examinations, gestational hypertension, history of premature birth, twinbirth, and assisted reproduction were high risk factors related to preterm birth(P<0. 05). Multivariate analysis revealed that, maternal age ≥40 years old(OR= 2. 209, 95%CI:1. 199-4. 070), maternal age < 20 years old(OR= 2. 496,95%CI: 1. 050-5. 932), history of preterm birth(OR= 4. 115, 95%CI: 1. 226-13. 809), twinbirths(OR=6. 676, 95%CI: 3. 328-13. 394), gestational hypertension(OR= 2. 413, 95%CI:1. 333-4. 370), no folic acid intake(OR= 5. 338,95%CI: 3. 984-7. 151) were risk factors related to preterm birth(P< 0. 05).ConclusionMaternal age, history of premature birth,twinbirths, gestational hypertension and folic acid intake are related to preterm birth rate of Yanqing District in 2019. A variety of factors can lead to premature birth, and the maternal health care work in Yanqing District should be strengthened.