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2016—2021年北京市东城区5岁以下儿童死亡情况分析

Death analysis of child under 5 age in Dongcheng District,Beijing,2016-2021

    摘要
  • 摘要: 目的 探讨2016—2021年北京市东城区5岁以下儿童死亡趋势和死亡原因,为进一步降低5岁以下儿童死亡率提供干预依据。方法 收集2016—2021年北京市东城区16家社区卫生服务中心(站)预防保健科上报的5岁以下儿童死亡数据,对新生儿死亡率(neonatal mortality rate,NMR)、婴儿死亡率(infant mortality rate,IMR)、5岁以下儿童死亡率(under 5mortality rate,U5MR)、主要死因别死亡率、死前医疗保健服务情况进行分析。结果 2016—2021年北京市东城区5岁以下儿童各年龄组死亡率呈波动状态,IMR相对稳定且稳中有降,NMR、IMR和U5MR分别为1.00‰、1.76‰和2.17‰。2021年NMR、IMR和U5MR分别为0.73‰、0.91‰和1.82‰,比2016年分别下降10.97%、53.57%和19.82%,其中IMR下降幅度最大。2016—2021年主要死因顺位分别为先天异常、早产和低出生体重、先天性心脏病及出生窒息。其中,先天异常死亡率最高,为31.37/10万,早产和低出生体重变化趋势最大,从2016年61.80/10万下降至2021年18.20/10万。2016—2021年北京市东城区5岁以下儿童死亡前住院治疗、门诊治疗和未就医所占比例分别为70.19%、23.08%和6.73%。死亡地点在医院、家中、就医途中、其他的占比分别为72.12%、18.27%、5.77%、3.85%。结论 2016—2021年北京市东城区各年龄组儿童死亡率呈波动状态,仍需针对死因变化情况开展健康宣教、加强产儿科合作、开展业务培训、完善危重新生儿转运工作,进一步降低儿童死亡率。

     

    Abstract: Objective To analyze the trend of child mortality under 5 and causes in Dongcheng District, Beijing, 2016-2021, so as to provide evidence to further reduce under-5 child mortality.Methods Death data of children under 5 reported by 16 prevention and health care departments from community health centers in Dongcheng District 2016-2021 were collected. Neonatal mortality rate(NMR), infant mortality rate(IMR), under 5 mortality rate( U5MR), major cause-specific death rate and pre-death health care services were analyzed.Results From 2016 to 2021, child mortality of all age group under 5 in Dongcheng District, Beijing fluctuated, and IMR was relatively stable and decreased. NMR, IMR and U5MR were 1. 00‰, 1. 76‰ and 2. 17‰ respectively.Compared with 2016, NMR, IMR and U5MR in Dongcheng District in 2021 were 0. 73‰, 0. 91‰ and 1. 82‰ respectively, and they were decreased by 10. 97%, 53. 57% and 19. 82% respectively, among which IMR declined the most. The rank of major death causes from 2016 to 2021 were congenital abnormalities, premature birth and low birth weight, congenital heart disease and birth asphyxia.The mortality rate of congenital abnormalities ranked the highest, which was 31. 37/100 000. Mortality changes of premature birth and low birth weight is the largest, which decreased from 61. 80/100 000 in 2016 to 18. 20/100 000 in 2021. From 2016 to 2021, the proportions of under-5 child pre-death hospitalization, outpatient treatment and seeking no medical care in Dongcheng District were70. 19%, 23. 08% and 6. 73% respectively. The place of death in the hospital, at home, on the way to hospital and others was accounted for 72. 12%, 18. 27%, 5. 77% and 3. 85% respectively.Conclusion From 2016 to 2021, the mortality of children under5 years old in Dongcheng District of Beijing showed an unstable fluctuation. To further reduce the mortality rate, it is still necessary to carry out health education, strengthen childbirth cooperation and training, and improve the transport network of critically ill newborns so as to further decrese the under-5 mortality rate.

     

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