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余敏, 王睿, 何海燕. 家庭因素与学龄前儿童心理行为问题的关系研究[J]. 中国妇幼卫生杂志, 2022, 13(3): 6-11. DOI: 10.19757/j.cnki.issn1674-7763.2022.03.002
引用本文: 余敏, 王睿, 何海燕. 家庭因素与学龄前儿童心理行为问题的关系研究[J]. 中国妇幼卫生杂志, 2022, 13(3): 6-11. DOI: 10.19757/j.cnki.issn1674-7763.2022.03.002
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YU Min, WANG Rui, HE Hai Yan. Study on association of family factors with psychological and behavioral problems in preschool children[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN HEALTH, 2022, 13(3): 6-11. DOI: 10.19757/j.cnki.issn1674-7763.2022.03.002
Citation: YU Min, WANG Rui, HE Hai Yan. Study on association of family factors with psychological and behavioral problems in preschool children[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN HEALTH, 2022, 13(3): 6-11. DOI: 10.19757/j.cnki.issn1674-7763.2022.03.002
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家庭因素与学龄前儿童心理行为问题的关系研究

Study on association of family factors with psychological and behavioral problems in preschool children

    摘要
  • 摘要: 目的 了解安徽省芜湖市学龄前儿童家庭因素与儿童心理行为的关系。方法 采取分层随机抽样法抽取安徽省芜湖市3个区12所幼儿园3 822名3~6岁儿童家长作为研究对象，通过电子问卷对其进行调查，问卷内容包括儿童基本信息、家庭一般情况、照料人心理健康状况等，并对家庭因素与儿童心理行为的关系进行分析。结果 安徽省芜湖市学龄前儿童困难总分异常检出率为7.18%，亲社会行为异常检出率为17.6%。男童多动、同伴交往问题、困难总分异常、亲社会行为异常等行为都高于女童，女童情绪症状异常检出率高于男童，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。单因素分析发现父母文化程度、主要照护人、儿童视屏时间、主要照护人心理健康状况等与儿童心理行为问题相关，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素分析显示与儿童心理行为有关的因素为儿童性别、父母文化程度、主要照护人、视屏时间及主要照护人情绪。其中男童（OR=1.332，95%CI：1.020~1.741），母亲文化程度为高中及以下（OR=2.163，95%CI：1.545~3.028）是儿童心理行为问题的危险因素；主要照护人是父母（OR=0.663，95%CI：0.497~0.886），视屏时间≤1 h （OR=0.777，95%CI：0.649~0.929），主要照护人无抑郁（OR=0.468，95%CI：0.324~0.675）、无焦虑（OR=0.331，95%CI：0.223~0.491）、无压力（OR=0.442，95%CI：0.233~0.838）等是保护因素。结论 主要照护人心理健康状况与儿童心理行为相关，主要照护人抑郁、焦虑、压力会增加儿童心理行为问题的发生风险。

     

    Abstract: Objective To investigate the association between family factors and psychological behavior in preschool children in Wuhu, Anhui.Methods Stratified random sampling method was used to recruit 3 822 children aged 3-6 from 12 kindergartens as study subjects in three districts of Wuhu. Electronic questionnaire was used to implement the survey. The contents of the questionnaire were child's basic information, family's general condition, caregiver's emotion, etc. The association between family factors and children's psychological behavior was analyzed.Results The detection rate of abnormal total difficulty score of Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire(SDQ) was 7.18%, and the detection rate of abnormal prosocial behavior was 17.6% in preschool children at Wuhu, Anhui. The detection rate of hyperactivity, peer communication problems, abnormal total difficulty score, abnormal prosocial behavior and other behaviors among boys were higher than those of girls, and emotional symptoms abnormal rate of girls were higher than those among boys, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Univariate analysis found that parents' educational level, primary caregivers, children's screen-watching time, primary caregivers' mental health status were correlated with children's psychological behavior problems(P<0.05). Multi-factor analysis showed that the factors associated with children's psychological behavior were children's gender, parents' educational level, main caregivers, screen-watching time and main caregivers' emotions. Male child(OR=1.332,95%CI:1.020-1.741) and mother with high school education background or below(OR=2.163,95%CI:1.545-3.028) were risk factors. The primary caregivers being parents(OR=0.663,95%CI:0.497-0.886), screen-watching duration being ≤ 1 hour(OR=0.777,95%CI:0.649-0.929), the primary caregivers without depression(OR=0.468,95%CI:0.324-0.675), anxiety(OR=0.331,95%CI:0.223-0.491) and stress(OR=0.442,95%CI:0.233-0.838) were protective factors.Conclusion Primary caregiver's mental health status is associated with children's psychological behavior. Depression, anxiety and stress of primary caregiver will increase the risk of children's psychological and behavioral problems.

     

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