Abstract: The effect of breastfeeding on postpartum metabolism and islet function of women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) has become one of the hottest research topics. This paper describes the effects of breastfeeding on glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and islet function of women with GDM after delivery, and summarizes the factors, include:maternal, neonatal, and human factors that might be associated with breastfeeding among women with GDM. It indicates the role of breastfeeding in preventing GDM from progressing to type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) postpartum, and achieves the purpose of maintaining maternal and child health.