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北京市通州区婴幼儿看护人的儿童营养知信行现况与影响因素

The current situation and factors associated with caregivers’ child nutrition knowledge, belief and practice in Tongzhou District, Beijing

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 调查北京市通州区婴幼儿看护人的儿童营养知信行影响因素,为改善婴幼儿的营养状况提供参考。
    方法 采用随机整群抽样方法,选取2021年5 — 8月北京市通州区2所社区卫生服务中心提供妇幼保健服务的散居婴幼儿的看护人作为调查对象,使用自行设计的问卷对看护人及婴幼儿的基本情况,看护人的儿童营养知识、态度、行为,以及婴幼儿不良饮食行为等进行调查。
    结果 735例调查对象的知识、态度、行为（knowledge attitude and practice,KAP）总得分为（75.95 ± 7.05）分。其中营养知识得分为（8.69 ± 1.69）分,营养态度得分为（28.04 ± 3.32）分,营养行为得分为（39.22 ± 4.60）分,KAP总得分达标率为98.9%,优秀率为68.3%。看护人为母亲、月收入5 000 ~ 10 000元、10 001 ~ 20 000元、> 20 000元的调查对象知信行优秀率较高（OR = 1.699、2.561、2.562、3.638,95% CI：1.147 ~ 2.517、1.215 ~ 5.399、1.235 ~ 5.135、1.699 ~ 7.790）；2 ~ < 3岁、≥3岁幼儿看护人的知信行优秀率较低（OR = 0.516、0.457,95% CI：0.330 ~ 0.807、0.264 ~ 0.794）；非独生子女的看护人知信行优秀率较低（OR = 0.506,95% CI：0.350 ~ 0.732）。儿童营养行为优秀的调查对象,其看护的婴幼儿不良饮食行为持有率为54.3%,低于儿童营养行为未达优秀的调查对象（63.1%）。
    结论 北京市通州区婴幼儿看护人的儿童营养知信行水平整体状况良好。婴幼儿家庭的社会经济水平、婴幼儿年龄及家庭子女数量均影响看护人的知信行情况。看护人的营养行为会影响婴幼儿不良饮食行为的发生,应重点针对婴幼儿的看护人进行健康教育,提高其不良饮食习惯对于孩子生长发育影响的知晓率。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To investigate the current situation and factors associated with caregivers’ child nutrition knowledge, belief, practice（KAP） in Tongzhou District, Beijing, so as to provide evidence to improve children’s nutrition status.
    Methods A cluster random sampling method was used to recruit infant caregivers as research subjects from 2 community health service centers from May to August 2021 in Tongzhou District, Beijing. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate general information of caregivers and infants, and the caregivers’ nutritional KAP and infants’ poor eating behaviors.
    Results The average KAP score of the 735 subjects was 75.95 ± 7.05. The scores of nutrition knowledge, belief and practice were 8.69 ± 1.69, 28.04 ± 3.32, and 39.22 ± 4.60, respectively. The rate of total KAP score reaching standard level was 98.9% and the excellent rate was 68.3%. Caregiver being mother, monthly income 5 000－10 000 Yuan, 10 001－20 000 Yuan, and > 20 000 Yuan had a higher KAP excellent rate （OR = 1.699、2.561、2.562、3.638,95% CI：1.147－2.517、1.215－5.399、1.235－5.135、1.699－7.790）. Caregivers’ KAP excellent rates of 2－< 3 and ≥3 years age group were lower（OR = 0.516、0.457,95% CI：0.330－0.807、0.264－0.794）. Caregiver of non-one-child family had a lower KAP excellent rate（OR = 0.506,95% CI：0.350－0.732）. The prevalence of excellent eating behaviors among infants whose caregivers had poor child nutrition practice was 54.3%, which was lower than that among infants that eating behavious did not meet excellent standard （63.‍ 1%）.
    Conclusion The overall status of caregivers’ child nutrition KAP is good in Tongzhou District, Beijing. Infant family’s socioeconomic status, age of the infant and the number of children in the family affect the KAP of the caregiver. The nutritional behavior of caregivers will affect the occurrence of infant poor eating behaviors. Therefore, health education should be focused on caregivers of infants to improve their awareness of the impact of poor eating habits on children’s growth and development.

     

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