Objective To investigate the current status and effect of common gynecological disease screening in Urumqi, Xinjiang from 2016 to 2020, so as to provide evidence for future prevention and treatment of these diseases.

Methods Common gynecological disease screening data involved in Urumqi Maternal and Child Health Annual Report were collected from 2016 to 2020. Trends of prevalence and urban-rural gap were analyzed.

Results The screening rates of common gynecological diseases were increasing year by year. The average screening rate was 56.84% in Urumqi from 2016 to 2020, and it was higher in urban area than that in rural areas(χ² = 9.671, P < 0.05). The prevalence rate of common gynecological diseases in Urumqi from 2016 to 2020 was 45.49%. Compared with the whole region and nation, the prevalence rates of vaginitis, cervicitis, and uterine fibroids were higher. The prevalence rates were different in various years(χ² = 17 520.12, 19 934.45, 5 801.25, all P < 0.001). The detection rates of cervical cancer, breast cancer and ovarian cancer showed a downward trend in Urumqi, and they were different in various years(χ² = 160.21, 649.46, 519.00, all P < 0.001).

Conclusion The screening rate of common gynecological diseases in Urumqi has been increasing from 2016 to 2020. The gap between urban and rural areas is gradually diminishing. The prevalence rate of common gynecological diseases and the detection rates of malignant tumors were decreasing significantly. To ensure the quality of screening, it is necessary to strengthen quality control of data collection and training of information reporting personnel, and to improve follow-up of women with abnormal results.