Objective To analyze the factors associated with neonatal congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in Haidian District, Beijing so as to provide evidence for preventive measures and reducing the rate of neonatal CH.

Methods A total of 115 neonates born from October 2013 to September 2017 and diagnosed as CH by the Beijing neonatal genetic metabolic disease screening program in Haidian District were recruited as research subjects retrospectively. Each CH child was matched with three healthy neonates (born in the same hospital, birth date ± 7 days) by case-control study method. Therefore, there were 115 in the case group and 345 in the control group. Information of mother and her newborn were collected from hospital medical record system. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the factors associated with neonatal CH.

Results Univariate analysis showed that the incidence of threatened abortion, hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy and thyroid disease during pregnancy in the CH group were higher than those in the control group, and the incidence of premature delivery, low birth weight and macrosomia were higher than those in the control group(P < 0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that gestational hypertension(OR = 8.569, 95% CI: 2.448 - 29.992), pregnancy with hyperthyroidism (OR = 15.15, 95% CI: 1.447 - 158.647), pregnancy with hypothyroidism(OR = 2.175, 95% CI: 1.035 - 4.569)and preterm birth(OR = 5.437, 95% CI: 1.722 - 17.164) were risk factors for neonatal CH.

Conclusion Maternal hypertension disease during pregnancy, pregnancy with thyroid disease and gestational week is associated with neonatal CH. Strengthening peri-pregnancy health care to reduce high-risk factors may help to decrease the occurrence of neonatal CH.