Objective To explore the status and risk factors of pelvic floor organ prolapse (POP) among primiparas, provide reference basis for the prevention and treatment of POP.

Methods A total of 1 197 primiparas who underwent full term vaginal delivery and returned to Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital 6 - 8 weeks after delivery from January to December 2021 were recruited as research subjects. Questionnaire survey was used to collect basic information of them. Based on the results of pelvic organ prolapse quantification(POP-Q), they were divided into POP group (n = 361) and non-POP group (n = 836). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the correlation between obstetric related factors and POP among primiparas.

Results The incidence of postpartum POP was 30.2%(361/1 197) among primiparas with vaginal delivery, including 22.14% (265/1 197) of anterior vaginal wall prolapse, 5.01%(60/1 197) of posterior vaginal wall prolapse, and 3.01% (36/1 197) of uterine prolapse. Univariate analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of POP among primiparous women in terms of labour lasting hours, pre-pregnancy BMI, episiotomy, or perineal tear (all P > 0.05), but there was statistically significant difference with age, gestational weight gain, newborn birth weight, second labor stage lasting hours, and delivery mode (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that older age, excess weight gain during pregnancy, higher neonatal birth weight, longer second labour stage, and forceps delivery were risk factors for developing POP among primiparas.

Conclusion Many factors are associated with post delivery POP among primiparas who undergo vaginal delivery. Health education should be strengthened and postpartum rehabilitation training should be valued to achieve the goal of early prevention and treatment.