Abstract: Endometriosis is a common disease that is harmful to women's health and fertility, and its pathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated. The "seeds and environment" theory integrates the various pathogenesis of endometriosis and provides a solid theoretical basis for the prevention of endometriosis. Targeted primary preventive measures are recommended: Women with dysmenorrhea or a family history of endometriosis may consider using contraceptives containing progesterone during adolescence and childbearing age; Timely correction of genital malformation and relieving primary and secondary genital tract obstruction to reduce menstrual blood reflux; Reduce surgical operations in uterine cavity to avoid the residue of endometrial stem cells on the surgical wound; Maintain a healthy lifestyle and improve perinatal health care to reduce premature birth and low birth weight; Protect the environment and avoid intake of environmental endocrine disruptor.