Abstract: Childhood obesity has widespread and long-term adverse effects on children’s health, and it has become a growing public health problem in China. Gestational metabolic factors, such as pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, and gestational diabetes mellitus have been proved to be risk factors for maternal health and childhood obesity. BMI growth trajectory is a good indicator to reflect changes of children’s physical development and is valuable to predict childhood obesity. This article has reviewed the correlation between gestational metabolic factors and early childhood BMI growth trajectory so as to provide evidence for control of childhood obesity.