2013 — 2022年福建省泉州市831 819例围产儿出生缺陷监测结果分析

朱楚玲; 林丽卿

doi:10.19757/j.cnki.issn1674-7763.2024.02.003

2013 — 2022年福建省泉州市831 819例围产儿出生缺陷监测结果分析

Surveillance results of birth defects among 831 819 perinatal infants in Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 2013 − 2022

摘要

摘要:
目的分析2013 — 2022年福建省泉州市围产儿出生缺陷发生情况，为该地区出生缺陷防控工作提供参考依据。
方法收集2013年1月 — 2022年12月泉州市30所出生缺陷监测医院的围产儿出生缺陷资料，并对出生缺陷发生率、出生缺陷分布特征及发生顺位进行统计分析。
结果 2013 — 2022年泉州市共监测围产儿831 819例，其中出生缺陷儿15 376例，总出生缺陷发生率为184.85/万，出生缺陷发生率逐年升高（\chi _\text趋势^2 = 4 519.609，P < 0.001）。泉州市城镇地区围产儿出生缺陷发生率高于乡村地区（χ² = 135.784，P < 0.001）；男婴出生缺陷发生率高于女婴（χ² = 67.597，P < 0.001）；母亲年龄不同，出生缺陷发生率也不同（χ² = 582.608，P < 0.001），其中母亲年龄较大者（≥ 35岁）围产儿出生缺陷发生率最高。2013 — 2022年泉州市出生缺陷发生率前5位的疾病类型分别为先天性心脏病、多指（趾）、外耳其他畸形、并指（趾）、唇裂。2013 — 2022年围产儿先天性心脏病及并指（趾）的发生率逐年上升，而唇腭裂、脑积水和直肠肛门闭锁/狭窄的发生率逐年下降。外耳其他畸形的发生率自2017年起有所上升，而唇裂、尿道下裂和马蹄内翻足的发生率呈波动态势。
结论泉州市出生缺陷防控形势依然严峻，应持续推进出生缺陷综合防治措施，尤其应加强围产儿先天性心脏病、并指（趾）、外耳其他畸形的监测和防控，并关注高龄产妇问题，以进一步降低围产儿出生缺陷发生率。

Abstract:
Objective To analyze the situation of perinatal birth defects in Quanzhou, Fujian Province from 2013 to 2022, so as to provide evidence for prevention and control of birth defects in this area.
Methods Data of perinatal birth defects from 30 birth defects monitoring hospitals in Quanzhou from January 2013 to December 2022 were collected, and the incidence, characteristics of distribution and occurrence sequence of birth defects were statistically analyzed.
Results A total of 831 819 perinatal infants were born and 15 376 birth defects among them were found in Quanzhou from 2013 to 2022. The average incidence of birth defects was 184.85/10 000, and it increased year by year (\chi _\texttrend^2 = 4 519.609, P < 0.001). The incidence of perinatal birth defects in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas (χ² = 135.784, P < 0.001). The incidence of birth defects in males was higher than that in females (χ² = 67.597, P < 0.001). The incidence of birth defects varied depending on the age of the mothers (χ² = 582.608, P < 0.001), with the highest incidence of birth defects observed in mothers of advanced age ( ≥ 35 years old). Top 5 birth defects in Quanzhou from 2013 to 2022 were congenital heart disease, polydactyly (toe), other external ear malformations, syndactyly (toe), and cleft lip. The incidence of congenital heart disease and syndactyly showed an upward trend, while the incidence of cleft lip and palate, hydrocephalus, and rectoanal atresia/stenosis showed a downward trend from 2013 to 2022. The incidence of other deformities of the external ear had been increasing, while the incidence of cleft lip, hypospadias, and clubfoot had been fluctuating since 2017.
Conclusion The situation of birth defects prevention and control is not optimistic in Quanzhou. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be continuously promoted, especially to strengthen monitoring and prevention of congenital heart disease, syndactyly (toe), and the other external ear malformations, and pay attention to the problem of elderly parturients, so as to further reduce the incidence of birth defects.

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