Objective To understand the vaccination coverage of human papillomavirus (HPV) among women aged 9 − 45 years in Decheng District, Dezhou City, Shandong Province and to provide data support for accelerating the elimination of cervical cancer.

Methods Utilizing the immunization planning information system of Shandong Province, vaccination information for bivalent, quadrivalent, and 9-valent HPV vaccines among age-appropriate women in Decheng District, Dezhou City, Shandong Province from 2017 to 2022 was collected and analyzed. This information was used to assess the HPV vaccination status among age-appropriate women in different years, age groups, and regions of Decheng District.

Results A total of 83 791 doses of HPV vaccine were administered in Decheng District from 2017 to 2022, with 32 927 doses being the first dose. The vaccination coverage rate among age-appropriate women was 19.02%. The vaccination coverage rate was highest among women aged 16 − 26 years (24.31%), while it was the lowest among women aged 9 − 15 years (2.08%). The vaccination coverage rate of age-appropriate women in urban areas was 40.55%, compared to 6.25% in urban-rural fringes and 4.90% in rural areas. The number of women who completed the full vaccination was 21 806, and the full vaccination rate was 12.60%.

Conclusion The overall HPV vaccination rate among women aged 9 − 45 years in Decheng District is low. There is a need to continue strengthening public awareness on cervical cancer and HPV vaccines, as well as enhancing health education, to increase the HPV vaccination rate among women in Decheng District. Women aged 9 − 15 years and women living in rural areas and urban-rural fringes exhibit lower vaccination rates and should be prioritized as key targets for health education and policy interventions.