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父亲参与养育在母亲情绪与3 ~ 6岁儿童情绪行为问题关联中的作用

The role of father involvement in parenting in the association between maternal emotional symptoms and emotional behavioral problems in 3 − 6 years old children

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 探讨父亲参与养育在母亲情绪状态与3 ~ 6岁儿童情绪行为问题关联中的调节作用，为提高母亲心理健康水平和促进儿童身心健康提供参考。
    方法 采用分层整群抽样方法，于2021年12月选取安徽省3个市36所幼儿园的6 111名3 ~ 6岁儿童为研究对象。采用父母版困难与长处问卷评估3 ~ 6岁儿童的情绪行为问题，采用抑郁-焦虑-压力量表评估母亲情绪状态，采用父亲参与问卷评估父亲带养情况。
    结果 母亲情绪状态（压力、抑郁、焦虑）与3 ~ 6岁儿童情绪行为问题总分呈正相关（均P < 0.001），与父亲参与养育得分呈负相关（均P < 0.001）；而父亲参与养育与3 ~ 6岁儿童情绪行为问题总分呈负相关（P < 0.001）。控制相关混杂因素后，男童父亲参与养育在母亲情绪状态（压力、抑郁、焦虑）与儿童情绪行为问题关联中存在调节作用（均P < 0.001），而女童父亲参与养育不存在调节作用（均P > 0.05）。
    结论 父亲参与养育在母亲情绪状态与3 ~ 6岁儿童情绪行为问题间起调节作用，特别是男童父亲参与养育的调节作用更为明显，应从保持母亲良好情绪状况和增加父亲参与养育2个方面着手，以预防3 ~ 6岁儿童情绪行为问题的发生。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To explore the regulatory role of father involvement in parenting in the association between maternal emotional symptoms and emotional behavioral problems in preschool children, providing a reference for improving maternal mental health and promoting children's physical and mental health.
    Methods Using a stratified cluster sampling method, 6 111 children aged 3 − 6 from 36 kindergartens in three cities of Anhui Province were selected as the research subjects in December 2021. The Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to assess emotional and behavioral issues in children aged 3 − 6 years, the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) were used to assess the emotional state of mothers, and the Inventory of Father Involvement (IFI) questionnaire was used to assess the parenting situation of fathers.
    Results The emotional state of mothers (stress, depression, anxiety) was positively correlated with the total score of emotional and behavioral problems in children aged 3 − 6 (all P < 0.001), and negatively correlated with the score of fathers participating in parenting (all P < 0.001); there was a negative correlation (P < 0.001) between father involvement in parenting and the total score of emotional and behavioral problems in children aged 3 − 6 years. After controlling for confounding factors, the involvement of fathers of boys in parenting had a moderating effect on the association between maternal emotional states (stress, depression, anxiety) and children’s emotional and behavioral problems (all P < 0.001), while the involvement of fathers of girls in parenting did not have a moderating effect (all P > 0.05).
    Conclusion Father involvement in parenting plays a regulatory role between the emotional state of mothers and the emotional and behavioral problems of 3 − 6 years old children, especially for boys. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the occurrence of emotional and behavioral problems in 3 − 6 years old children by maintaining a good emotional state of mothers and increasing the involvement of fathers in parenting.

     

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