Objective  To investigate the incidence trends and epidemiological characteristics of birth defects in Longhua District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, providing data support for local birth defect prevention and control.

Methods  Based on data from the birth defects surveillance system in Longhua District of Shenzhen between from 2013 to 2022, the incidence and trends of birth defects were analyzed. Chi-square test was used for intergroup rate comparison, and Chi-square trend test was used for trend analysis.

Results  From 2013 to 2022, 4 688 cases of birth defects were detected among 207 175 births, with an incidence rate of 226.28 per 10,000. The incidence rate of birth defects showed an overall increased trend over the past decade (\chi _\mathrmtrend^2 = 81.077, P < 0.001). The incidence of birth defects in males was higher than that in females (χ² = 62.937, P < 0.001). The incidence of birth defects in women aged 35 years old and above was higher than that in other age groups (χ² = 9.436, P < 0.01). The incidence rate was also higher in newborns born to permanent residents compared to those born to floating population (χ² = 22.203, P < 0.001). Congenital heart disease, polydactyly, ear deformity, club foot, and cleft lip and/or palate were the main types of birth defects in Longhua District.

Conclusions  Although the incidence rate of birth defects in Longhua District of Shenzhen, Guangdong was lower than the national level, the prevention and control of birth defects should not be ignored. There are differences in birth defects by gender, maternal age and household registration type. Efforts should be strengthened in education, prevention, and treatment among key populations.