Objective This study analyzed cervical cancer screening data from Ningbo city, Zhejiang Province, in 2023, aiming to explore the relationship between menopausal status and the prevalence of HPV infection and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention of HPV-related cervical cancer and the optimization of public health strategies.

Methods Cervical cancer screening data of Ningbo in 2023 were analyzed in this study. Propensity score matching and paired chi-square tests were used to analyze the correlation between menopausal status and HPV infection. Multivariate logistic regression and age-stratified analysis were further performed to validate the findings.

Results Postmenopausal women had significantly higher proportions of junior high school education or below, Han ethnicity, and cervical cancer screening history compared to premenopausal women (P < 0.05). Propensity score matching indicated a significant association between menopausal status and HPV infection (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that menopause increased the risk of HPV infection in women aged 35 − 64 (OR = 1.153, 95% CI: 1.073 − 1.238), with a 58.9% higher risk in women aged 55 − 64 (OR = 1.589, 95% CI: 1.299 − 1.945). In addition, ethnicity, education level, number of deliveries, number of abortions, and contraceptive use were also identified as influencing factors for HPV infection (P < 0.05).

Conclusion In 2023, postmenopausal women in Ningbo, especially those aged 55 − 64, faced a significantly increased risk of HPV infection. It is recommended to strengthen HPV prevention awareness among postmenopausal women, enhance participation in cervical cancer screening, and promote HPV vaccination among eligible women to reduce infection risks.