Abstract: Objective To obtain preliminarily the incidence and distribution of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Lanzhou.Methods The clinical data of 3563 women who received prenatal care and gave birth in Lanzhou maternal and children's health care hospital from August 2015 to December 2016 were recorded and analyzed by adoption review method.Results During the investigation, ① the incidence of GDM was 3.09%.The incidence of GDM was 4.52% among women aged 30 years and over 30 years.The incidence of GDM was 2.19% among women aged under 30 years.There was significantly difference between the two age groups (P<0.05). ② The incidence of GDM among Hui and Han nationality women was 4.32% and 3.09%, respectively.There is no GDM case among other ethnic minority women, because of data shortage. ③ The average BMI of GDM patients was (29.12±3.90) kg/m² before pregnancy.The average BMI of normal pregnant women was (26.96±3.50) kg/m².There was significantly difference between the two groups (P<0.05). ④ The average incidence of fetal macrosomia was 9.09% among GDM patients.The average incidence of fetal macrosomia was 4.34% among normal pregnant women.There was significantly difference between the two groups (P<0.05). ⑤ The average fetal mortality of GDM patients and normal pregnant women was 2.73% and 0.90%, respectively.There was significantly difference between the two groups (P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of GDM in Lanzhou was similar with that reported by other national research.The incidence of GDM among Hui nationality women was higher than the average incidence in Lanzhou.There was relationship between age, BMI and GDM.GDM can increase the adverse pregnant outcome.It is necessary to screening GDM during prenatal care and to integrate prevention and treatment.Early diagnosis and intervention are the effective measures to improve the health of mother and their children during systematic management.