Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence of common diseases among women in the agricultural and pastoral areas of Aba Prefecture, and to analysis the associated influencing factors, in order to improve the health level of local women and provide a reference to improve the implement of prevention and control of women's common disease.Methods A total of 1881 women aged 18-60 years old from 7 counties in Aba Prefecture were recruited through a multistage stratified random sampling method. Questionnaire and clinical pelvic examination were used to survey the prevalence of vaginitis, chronic cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and vaginal bulge. Chi-square test was employed to analysis the influencing factors for above diseases.Results The total prevalence of common disease among women in the agricultural and pastoral areas of Aba was 72. 62%. The prevalence of vaginitis was highest (53. 38%). The following was chronic cervicitis and vaginal bulge. The prevalence of them was 18. 29% and 12. 92%, respectively.The total prevalence of common diseases among women in pastoral areas was significantly higher than in agricultural areas. The situation of personal hygiene and postpartum rest among women in these two areas was not optimistic. This phenomenon was more serious in pastoral areas (P< 0. 001). The time of postpartum rest was the influencing factor of vaginal bulge. The prevalence of vaginal bulge among women who rest for more than 1 months after birth was significantly lower than less than 1 month (P< 0. 001).The frequency of bathing and cleaning vulva, whether usually wearing underwear, and the time of postpartum rest were the influencing factors of vaginitis. The prevalence of vaginitis among women who bath and clean vulva every week was significantly lower than more than one week. The prevalence of vaginitis among women who ware underwear was significantly lower than un-ware. The prevalence of vaginitis among women who rest for more than 1 months after birth was significantly lower than less than 1 month (P< 0. 001). Using sanitary napkins during menstrual period and the time of postpartum rest were the influencing factor of chronic cervicitis. The prevalence of chronic cervicitis among women who use sanitary napkins during menstrual period was significantly lower than nonuse (P< 0. 001). The prevalence of chronic cervicitis among women who rest for more than 1 months after birth was significantly lower than less than 1 month (P< 0. 001).Conclusion The prevalence of common diseases among women agricultural and pastoral areas in Aba Prefecture was higher. The situation of personal hygiene and postpartum rest were the main influencing factors to women's common diseases in these areas. In order to reduce the incidence of women's common diseases, it is necessary to strengthen propaganada and health education to improve the situation of personal hygiene and postpartum rest among women in these areas, especially in pastoral areas.