Abstract: Objective To study the significance of improving colposcopy technology in the program of cervical cancer screening for rural women.Methods During January 2016 and December 2016, the women with abnormal cervical screening results from gynaecological department in our hospital (opportunistic screening group) and 8 cervical cancer screening project counties (organized screening group) were recruited.The women with abnormal screening results would receive colposcopical examination.The pathological results were be used as the standard of diagnose.The significance of improving the quality of colposcopical examination was evaluated by comparing the results of the two groups.Results In opportunistic screening group, a total of 328 cases and 223 cases received colposcopy and biopsy, respectively.The lesion detection rate was 54.8%.In organized screening group, a total of 170 cases and 123 cases received colposcopy and biopsy, respectively.The lesion detection rate was 25.3%.There was significantly statistical difference in the lesion detection rate between these two groups.According to the 2011 IFCPC term, the proportion of colposcopic diagnosis agreeing with histological diagnosis in opportunistic screening group was 76.2%.It was significantly higher than that of organized screening group (38.2%).Conclusion Colposcopy is used as a diagnostic method to patients with early cervical cancer, can timely find cervical cancer pathological change.There was large gap between the colposcopy professional skills of two groups.It is significant to improve the quality of colposcopy in cervical cancer screening project counties in yanbian korean autonomous prefecture.