Abstract: Objective To analysis of the causes of maternal death in Guizhou Province in 2017, and to provide evidences for effective intervention measures to reduce maternal mortality under the comprehensive two-child policy.Methods Based on the data on the maternal deaths in Guizhou Province in 2017 and the results of the provincial assessment, a retrospective analysis was conducted.Results Among the 136 dead pregnant women, 116 deaths could be avoided, accounting for 85. 29%. And, 20 deaths were Inevitably, accounting for 14.71%. The cause of death was dominated by direct obstetrical factors, accounting for 61.3%, and obstetric hemorrhage was the first causes. The main factors affecting avoidable death were the knowledge and skills of health care institutions, followed by the knowledge, skills and attitudes of individual residents groups.Conclusion In order to reduce maternal mortality rate and ensure maternal and child safety, it is necessary to strengthen the training of obstetricians, improve the technical level of grass-roots staff, strengthen maternal health care work and clinical high-risk early-warning and hierarchical management, attach importance to clinical multi-disciplinary cooperation and standardize maternal first-aid and referral channels, and strengthen health education propaganda.