Abstract: Objective To investigate the knowledge level of thalassemia and its influencing factors among couples of child-bearing age,in order to provide better targeted health education strategies and promote couples of child-bearing age to accept thalassemia intervention service initiatively.Methods Questionnaire survey was carried out among the couples of child-bearing age in the area of thalassemia prevention and control project in Guizhou.Results The knowledge level of thalassemia among the couples of child-bearing age was different,and the average awareness rate was 24.83%.80.07% of the couples knew that thalassemia was genetic disease,4.38%,4.64%,38.06% and 47.42% of them knew the performance of thalassemia,harm of thalassemia,checking for making a definite and what need to do prenatal examination,and other questions' awareness rate was more than 70%.Multivariate analysis showed that the age,nationality and culture degree of couples were the influencing factors for thalassemia prevention and control.Conclusion The couples of child-bearing age have low knowledge level on thalassemia in the area of thalassemia prevention and control project in Guizhou.Knowledge education of thalassemia prevention and control should be increased,and to raise the level of the thalassemia knowledge on the couples of child-bearing age.