Abstract: The balance of female vagina microecological environment is significant to the women's reproductive health.If the balance is broken, the normal vaginal microecological environment will be changed, which would lead to various vaginal infection.It even would lead to serious malignant tumor.Therefore, it is very important to make clear the relationship of vaginal flora and vaginal environment with gynecological diseases.However, at present, there is still lack of a large number of reliable data to support the exact relationship between the vaginal microenvironment and various gynecological diseases.Therefore, it is necessary to do further study.This paper will review the latest research development of the vaginal microecological bacteria of healthy women, vaginal microecological assessment method and different people vaginal microecological condition.