Abstract: Objective To study the correlation between serum levels of IL-32,ECP and IL-1 and childhood asthma,in order to provide basis for clinical cure and preventing childhood asthma.Methods A total of 74 cases asthmatic children were enrolled in this study,and there were 50 males and 24 females,their average age was 4.12 ±1.6.The asthmatic children were divided into acute attack group (Group A,32 cases),after treatment three months group (Group B,19 cases) and after six months treatment group (Group C,23 cases).Twenty-five normal children were treated as the control group (Group D,male 16 cases,female 9 cases,the average age was 3.98 ±1.46).Periphery sera were collected from all the children.The serum levels of IL-32,ECP and IL-1 were detected using enzyme-linked immunospecific assay.Results The levels of ECP in group A and B were significantly higher than that in group D (t=13.926 and 4.333,all P<0.01);There was no significant difference between the levels of ECP in group C and D (t=1.653,P>0.05).The levels of IL-32 in group A,B and C were significantly higher than that in group D (t=12.474,7.734 and 5.084,all P<0.01).The levels of IL-1 in group A and B were significantly higher than that in group D (t=5.523,P<0.01;t=2.345,P<0.05);There was no significant difference between the levels of IL-1 in group C and D (t=0.515,P>0.05).There were significant differences among the levels of IL-32,ECP and IL-1 in group A,B and C (x²=122.275,46.366 and 14.271,all P<0.01).Increasing with the treatment cycle,the levels of IL-32 and ECP decreased gradually (q=20.830,15.050 and 4.307,all P<0.05;q=13.211,80252 and 3.940,all P<0.05);The level of IL-1 in group A was higher than those in group B and C (q=7.221 and 4.893,all P<0.05);There was no significant difference between the levels of IL-1 in group B and C (q=1.796,P>0.05).Conclusion The levels of IL-32,ECP and IL-1 may be concerned with childhood asthma,which can be used as the assessment indexes of therapeutic and preventive efficacy in childhood asthma.