Abstract: Objective To study the micro ecological status of female vagina in the community,and to provide scientific basis for the clinical care of vaginal diseases.Methods 500 community females who carried out physical examination were selected as the research object,and their vagina secretions in posterior fornix were collected.Vaginal micro ecological status were observed and evaluated by the determination of vaginal p H,wet and Gram stained smears,and the related factors affecting vaginal microecology were analyzed by the single factor and logistic regression.Result Among the 500 females,16.40%(n=82) of them were found vaginal micro ecological imbalance,which the incidence of vulvovaginal candidiasis was the highest,accounting for 31.71%;Followed by bacterial vaginosis accounted for 23.17%;It is closed the relationship between soluble vaginal disease and aerobic vaginitis.The influencing factors of vaginal microecology contained advanced age,sexual life more than 5 times one week,replacing menstrual sanitary napkins less than 2 times one day,cleaning vaginal less than 2 times one week and using hormone drugs (P<0.05).Conclusion The micro ecological assessment of vagina is helpful to the detection of vaginal infectious diseases,and it is important to pay attention to the ecological assessment of women's vagina during the period of childbearing age,to strengthen women's health education of sexual life and menstrua,it is important clinical significance in the prevention of vaginal infection.