Abstract: Objective To investigate the changes and clinical significance of serum levels of immunoglobulins, inflammatory cytokines and myocardial enzymes in children with hand-foot and mouth disease (HFMD).Methods During June 2013 to September 2016, 128 children with HFMD who diagnosed in Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Hunan were selected as objects, and they were divided into general group (n=80) and severe group (n=48) according to the children's condition. The levels of serum immunoglobulin, inflammatory cytokines and myocardial enzymes were detected and compared.Results Compared with general group, severe group had lower level in serum Ig M, Ig G and Ig A (P< 0. 05); severe group had higher level in serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α, the difference was statistically significant (P< 0. 05); severe group had higher level in serum CK-MB and LDH, the difference was statistically significant (P< 0. 05).Conclusion The level of serum immunity in HFMD children was decreased, the degree of inflammatory reaction was aggravated, and the cardiovascular system might be involved.