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张家港市妊娠期妇女焦虑抑郁发生情况及相关因素分析

The status and risk factors of perinatal anxiety and depression among pregnant women in Zhangjiagang City

  • 摘要: 目的 了解张家港地区妊娠期妇女焦虑、抑郁发生状况及其相关因素,为制订干预措施提供依据。方法 使用汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、爱丁堡抑郁量表(EPDS)及张家港市孕妇心理状态基本情况调查表在孕早期、孕中期和孕后期进行调查,调查采用孕产妇自评和医生评定相结合方式。结果 孕早、中、晚期焦虑发生率分别为7.17%、4.93%、6.55%,抑郁发生率分别为8.52%、9.51%、8.36%。孕早、中、晚期焦虑可能的发生率为22.87%、26.76%、25.45%(焦虑χ2=1.21,P>0.05;抑郁:χ2=1.21,P>0.05)。孕期抑郁的发生率高于焦虑的发生率(χ2=4.06,P<0.05)。经统计学分析,外地户籍、居住环境噪音、孕期有出血保胎及妊娠合并症或并发症是妊娠期妇女焦虑的危险因素,同时规范服用叶酸是妊娠期妇女焦虑的保护因素;居住环境噪音、孕期有出血保胎、既往有异常孕产史及妊娠合并症或并发症是妊娠期妇女抑郁的危险因素,同时文化程度高是妊娠期妇女抑郁的保护因素。结论 张家港市妊娠期妇女存在一定的焦虑和抑郁情况,需加强孕妇孕期心理保健,常规开展孕期焦虑和抑郁筛查,及时进行干预,预防孕产妇心理障碍性疾病发生。

     

    Abstract: Objective To understand the status of anxiety and depression and related risk factors among pregnant women in Zhangjiagang,and provide evidence for intervention.Methods Pregnant women in early,middle and late phases of pregnancy were selected and investigated using HAMA,EPDS and self-designed questionnaire by self-assessment and doctor assessment.Results The prevalence of anxiety in early,middle and late phases of pregnancy were 7.17%,4.93% and 6.55%,respectively.The prevalence of depression in early,middle and late phases of pregnancy were 8.52%,9.51% and 8.36%,respectively.The differences were not statistically significant on prevalence of depression and anxiety across 3 phases of pregnancy (depression:χ2=1.21,P>0.05;anxiety:χ2=1.21,P>0.05).The prevalence of depression was significantly higher than anxiety (χ2=4.06,P<0.05).Multivariate analysis indicated that nonresident,noises around living,fetus protection and pregnancy complication were independent risk factors of anxiety during pregnancy,while folic acid intake was protective factor of anxiety during pregnancy.Meanwhile,noises around living,fetus protection,abnormal pregnancy history and pregnancy complication were independent risk factors of depression during pregnancy,whereas,high education level was protective factor of anxiety during pregnancy.Conclusion Anxiety and depression of pregnant women exist among pregnant women in Zhangjiagang.Mental health care and routine anxiety and depression screening are needed,in order to promote early intervention and prevent psychological disorder.

     

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