Abstract: Objective To evaluate the application of transvaginal ultrasonography in the assessment of infertility in women of childbearing age.Methods The study population consisted of 175 infertility patients admitted to our hospital from January 2015 to December 2016. These infertility patients were identified as observation group. At the same time, 175 healthy women of childbearing age were selected as the control group. Both groups were conducted Transvaginal ultrasound.Results Among the 175 patients in the observation group, 135 patients had normal follicular development and signs of ovulation. Twenty patients had no ovulation and were not pregnant. Twenty were polycystic ovarian infertility patients. In the ovulation period, the diameter of the follicles of the 175 healthy women in the control group was (23. 94 ± 1. 84) mm. Among the 175 patients in the observation group, 135 had normal follicular development and ovulation signs. It accounted for 77. 14%. Twenty patients had no ovulation and were not pregnant during ovulation.It accounted for 11. 42%. Twenty patients were polycystic ovarian infertility. It accounted for 11. 42% at the time of ovulation. In the ovulation period of 175 healthy women of the control group, the endometrium thickness was (11. 25 ± 1. 14) mm. The luteal phase and ovulation blood flow rate in patients with infertility anovulatory and polycystic ovarian infertility were lower than those in infertile ovulation patients and the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). After monitoring, in the observation group, 130 cases were patients with follicular maturation (96. 3%) and 150 cases had been pregnant.Conclusion Using transvaginal ultrasonography to monitor the development of follicles and endometrial thickness in patients with infertility, combined with the blood flow velocity of ovarian arteries can provide an important basis for the diagnosis and treatment of patients.