Research progress of non-invasive detection of HPV antibodies

It probably takes 10 years from human papilloma virus(HPV) infection to cervical cancer. HPV vaccination induces the production of specific neutralizing antibodies. Due to the long period of carcinogenesis, data for evaluating the efficacy of vaccines by incidence rates are incomplete. Therefore, non-invasive sampling can be applied to biological specimens, and the efficacy of HPV vaccine can be evaluated by testing its level of antibody. This review aims to evaluate the effect of non-invasive sampling methods for detecting HPV antibodies from vaginal secretions, urine and oral secretions, so as to provide effective evidence for the development and application of non-invasive self-sampling kits.