Objective To understand the trends of maternal mortality rate (MMR) and its influencing factors in Hunan Province from 2014 to 2023, and to explore the preventive measures to reduce MMR.
Methods Data on maternal death cases reviewed at the provincial level in Hunan Province from 2014 to 2023 were collected. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the overall situation of MMR, the distribution of causes of death, and related factors affecting death.
Results The MMR in Hunan Province showed a downward trend from 2014 to 2023, decreasing from 14.86 per 100 000 in 2014 to 5.62 per 100 000 in 2023, with a decrease of 62.18% ( \chi _\mathrmtrend^2 = 51.312, P < 0.001). Among the causes of death, indirect obstetric causes accounted for 56.91%, and direct obstetric causes accounted for 43.09%. The direct obstetric causes of death showed an overall decreasing trend ( \chi _\mathrmtrend^2 = 4.630, P = 0.031). The top three causes of death were obstetric hemorrhage (23.09%), pregnancy complicated by cardiovascular diseases (12.50%), and amniotic fluid embolism (11.91%). The key influencing factor of MMR lay in the knowledge and skills of medical personnel in county-level medical and health institutions.
Conclusion Maternal death control in Hunan Province from 2014 to 2023 has been significantly effective, but there is still a need to improve the ability to treat obstetric hemorrhage and pregnancy complications to further reduce the MMR.
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